VPP-0028
QUESTION
Presence of albumin in urine indicates?
OPTIONS
(A) Injury to glomeruli
(B) Tubular injury
(C) Both of the above
(D) None of the above
ANSWER
(C) Both of the above
EXPLANATION
Albumin in urine (albuminuria) can indicate either glomerular injury or tubular injury. Glomerular damage increases the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, allowing greater amounts of albumin to pass into the filtrate. Tubular injury can impair the normal reabsorption of filtered albumin and other proteins by the proximal tubules, resulting in increased urinary albumin. Therefore, both glomerular and tubular injury can cause albuminuria, making (C) Both of the above the correct answer. Options (A) and (B) are incomplete because each identifies only one possible mechanism, while (D) is incorrect because albuminuria can occur with renal injury.